Estimate PI using Monte Carlo simulation method

This experiment attempts to estimate the value of PI by throwing "darts" into a unit square target and seeing how many land within the corresponding unit circle. If we assume that every dart thrown is independent and each location is equally likely, then the ratio of darts-inside-circle : darts-thrown should be a constant. ##Estimation of PI using constant **Area Ratio**. The equation to calculate the area of a circle is `A=PI*r^2`. The equation to calculate the area of the corresponding square is `A=4*r^2`. Given enough darts, it is expected that the ratio of darts that land within the unit circle vs total darts thrown would be PI : 4. > ``` > PI : 4 = darts-inside-circle : darts-thrown > PI / 4 = darts-inside-circle / darts-thrown > PI = 4 * darts-inside-circle / darts-thrown > ```